Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
City population: 1452000
Duration: 2009 – 2014
Implementation status: Completed
Scale: Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Project area: 10000 m2
Type of area: Previous derelict area
Last updated: April 2023

Uuliin Nuur (Mountain Lake or Green Lake) is a community park located in the ger district area known as Denjin Myanga of Ulaanbaatar city. The Ger district is a term commonly used in Mongolia to refer to a type of settlement located on the outskirts of the country's capital city and characterized by traditional Mongolian gers, or yurts. The area was once a quarry for the city’s construction during the socialist regime (from 1946 to the late 1960s) and was turned into a dumping ground after its closure. In 2009, a private citizen, Ulziitogtokh Sodnomsenge, gained approval to develop Uuliin Nuur. He cleaned up the area and used his savings to turn the former dumpsite into a green garden in the middle of ger areas to create a healthy, green, public space, especially for children living in the area. He opened an ice rink in the winter of 2012 and officially opened the Uuliin Nuur park in May 2014. From 2013 to 2019, approximately 1000 trees and shrubs were planted in this park during the spring and autumn. The trees were planted by the founder of the project by locals and foreign visitors as memorial trees. Over the years, the park was equipped with various community facilities to support social interaction and educational purposes. Uuliin Nuur is one of the few public places launched and developed by an individual. It showcases how abandoned places can be transformed into valuable places and how the local community's attitudes and awareness can change. (Ref. 1, 3, 4)

Uuliin Nuur Park Entrance
https://www.facebook.com/NogoonNuur91166366

Overview

Nature-based solution

  • Blue infrastructure
  • Lakes/ponds
  • Parks and urban forests
  • Large urban parks or forests

Key challenges

  • Environmental quality
  • Air quality improvement
  • Waste management
  • Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
  • Green space creation and/or management
  • Regeneration, land-use and urban development
  • Promote natural styles of landscape design for urban development
  • Water management (SDG 6)
  • Improvements to water quality
  • Cultural heritage and cultural diversity
  • Protection of historic and cultural landscape/infrastructure
  • Promotion of cultural diversity
  • Health and well-being (SDG 3)
  • Enabling opportunities for physical activity
  • Creation of opportunities for recreation
  • Inclusive and effective governance (SDG 16)
  • Effective management
  • Social justice, cohesion and equity (SDG 10)
  • Social cohesion
  • Social interaction
  • Economic development and employment (SDG 8)
  • Tourism support

Focus

Creation of new green areas, Management and improved protection of rivers and other blue areas, Transformation of previously derelict areas

Project objectives

The project aimed to achieve the following objectives: - transforming the abandoned dumping site into green space; - restoring the lake; - reducing air pollution by planting trees; - increasing aesthetic value and offer recreational opportunities in the area for locals and visitors; - making one area of the ger districts a better area to live in; - organizing social events and increasing the sense of solidarity between community members to respect and maintain the park; - providing free education to the local children, including English & music lessons; - showcasing the relevance of the area in the history of Mongolia by opening the Sakura ger museum in the park (Ref. 1, 2, 3, 4)

Implementation activities

From 2013 to 2019, approximately 1,000 trees and shrubs were planted in this park during the spring and autumn seasons, and these trees are watered using water from the lake. About 50% of the aforementioned trees were planted by Ulziitogtokh, who is the project founder, while the remainder were planted by locals, families, and foreign visitors as memorial trees. As of 2022, over 1,000 decorative and fruit trees and bushes, consisting of about 20 types, are growing in the "Uuliin Nuur" park, in addition to the park's 40 sakura trees. (Ref. 2). In the past (after the quarry closed), the lake was a 4-5 meter deep hollow. In the 2000s, due to the migration and concentration of rural families coming to Ulaanbaatar and the expansion of ger residential areas, the lake that was fed by rainwater dried up and turned into a puddle. First, in 2009, it was a dry ravine without water. After cleaning the garbage that had been dumped on the ground, it was fed by rainwater, and the lake was formed. Now there are 1.4 meters of water at its deepest point. The lake boosts humidity around this area. This area was very hot in the summer, but after planting trees and restoring the lake, the climate has become more humid. (Ref. 1, 2) Additionally, various facilities and constructions were installed in the Uuliin Nuur Park, including an educational center building (which includes a library for elementary and middle-aged children, Legos, cognitive development games, study rooms, and musical instruments), a "Sakura" ger museum, an outdoor stage, sunshades, a wooden platform around the lake, a wooden entrance, streetlights, a city view platform, boats, and CCTV sets (Ref. 1, 3, 4). The park is very popular among both locals and tourists. On a summer day, one can find people sailing boats on the water, along with various species of water birds. During the winter, despite the harsh temperatures, the ice rink is usually packed with children and young people. Many tourists and some locals head to a viewing platform to enjoy the beautiful vista of the entire city. (Ref. 3, 4)

Main beneficiaries

  • Citizens or community groups
  • Marginalized groups: Elderly people, People with functional diversities
  • Young people and children

Governance

Management set-up

  • Led by non-government actors

Type of initiating organisation

  • Citizens or community group

Participatory approaches/ community involvement

  • Dissemination of information and education
  • Joint implementation (e.g. tree planting)

Details on the roles of the organisations involved in the project

Since 2009, a private citizen named S. Ulziitogtoh has been working to transform a former garbage dump into today's park, which has been restored with an old lake, planted trees, and developed mainly with his private investment to provide locals with a place to spend their leisure time (Ref. 1). Following the announcement of his plans, the land was granted to him by the then district governor (Ref. 5). Ulziitogtokh has funded the creation of the park through revenues generated from the boating and ice rink activities (Ref. 3). As the founder of the project, Ulziitogtokh is solely responsible for the park's maintenance and upkeep. He works voluntarily, with assistance from his father and younger brother, and receives some support from his neighbours. Locals and tourists have also participated in tree planting activities (Ref. 1, 2).

Project implemented in response to ...

... an EU policy or strategy? No
... a national policy or strategy? Unknown
... a local policy or strategy? Unknown

Financing

Total cost

€50,000 - €100,000

Source(s) of funding

  • Funds provided by non-governmental organization (NGO)
  • EU funds
  • Private funding by citizens

Type of funding

  • Direct funding (grants, subsidies, or self-financed projects by private entities)
  • Donations
  • Membership or entrance fees

Non-financial contribution

Type of non-financial contribution
  • Provision of land
  • Provision of labour
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
  • Public authorities (e.g. land, utility services)
  • Citizens (e.g. volunteering)

Impacts and Monitoring

Environmental impacts

  • Climate change
  • Lowered local temperature
  • Environmental quality
  • Improved air quality
  • Water management and blue areas
  • Improved water quality
  • Green space and habitat
  • Promotion of naturalistic styles of landscape design for urban development
  • Increased green space area
  • Increased conversion of degraded land or soil
  • Increased number of species present
  • Restoration of derelict areas

Economic impacts

  • Increase of green jobs (e.g. paid employment positions)
  • Increased market share for green economies

Socio-cultural impacts

  • Social justice and cohesion
  • Improved social cohesion
  • Improved liveability
  • Improved access to urban green space
  • Increased visibility and opportunity for marginalised groups or indigenous peoples
  • Increased opportunities for social interaction
  • Health and wellbeing
  • Improved mental health
  • Gain in activities for recreation and exercise
  • Cultural heritage and sense of place
  • Protection of historic and cultural landscape / infrastructure
  • Increased sense of place identity, memory and belonging
  • Increased appreciation for natural spaces
  • Education
  • Increased knowledge of locals about local nature
  • Increased awareness of NBS and their benefits

Type of reported impacts

Achieved impacts

Presence of formal monitoring system

No

Presence of indicators used in reporting

No

Presence of monitoring/ evaluation reports

No

Availability of a web-based monitoring tool

No

References

Uuliin Nuur Park in the summer
https://www.facebook.com/NogoonNuur91166366
Uuliin Nuur Park around the park view
(Ref. 2)
Information about this nature-based solution was collected as part of the "NBS 2022" UNA Asian extension project funded by the Asia-Europe Foundation.