Ngong, Nairobi (FUA), Kenya
City population: 5541172
Duration: 2023 – 2024
Implementation status: Completed
Scale: Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Project area: 30776000 m2
Type of area: Agricultural area or farmland
Last updated: October 2024

Ngong is a town in southern Kenya, located near Nairobi in Kajiado County, on the slopes of the Ngong Hills. The municipality has experienced significant development and population growth due to improved infrastructure and social amenities. However, this expansion poses a threat to biodiversity, as increased demand for agricultural land, wood, and raw materials is depleting the area's forests and putting many species at risk of extinction. Overgrazing, illegal logging, invasive species, and climate change-induced extremes like droughts and floods have further exacerbated the situation. In response, the Rufford Foundation proposed the Improving Ngong Hills Forest Conservation Efforts through Raising Local Community Awareness of Biodiversity Conservation project. The initiative seeks to restore the Ngong Hills forest ecosystem through community-driven conservation. A nursery for native species was established, and tree planting campaigns were conducted in collaboration with national and local governments, community-based organizations, indigenous groups, and schools. Additionally, awareness programs and capacity-building efforts were launched, engaging local schools in restoration activities and organizing workshops to train community members and officials. (Ref. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

Restoration
https://ruffordorg.s3.amazonaws.com/media/project_reports/38496-1_Detailed_Final_Report.pdf

Overview

Nature-based solution

  • Parks and urban forests
  • Large urban parks or forests

Key challenges

  • Climate action for adaptation, resilience and mitigation (SDG 13)
  • Climate change adaptation
  • Environmental quality
  • Soil quality improvement
  • Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
  • Habitat and biodiversity restoration
  • Habitat and biodiversity conservation
  • Inclusive and effective governance (SDG 16)
  • Inclusive governance
  • Social justice, cohesion and equity (SDG 10)
  • Environmental education
  • Sense of community and community engagement

Principal problems in Functional Urban Area (FUA)

  • Environmental Degradation
  • Biodiversity loss
  • Invasive alien species
  • Deforestation and forest degradation
  • Land use and Socio-economic change
  • Agriculture/ crop production
  • Rapid urbanization

Key priorities

Climate action (adaptation and/or mitigation), Biodiversity (conservation and/or restoration), Social Justice and community

Focus

Maintenance and management of urban nature, Urban reforestation, restoration of street trees, Ecological restoration of ecosystems, Soil remediation and revegetation, Ecological restoration of existing green spaces, Protection of natural ecosystems, Habitat restoration, Habitat conservation, Knowledge creation and awareness raising, Protection of agroecology approaches (agroforestry & silvopastoral systems), Indigenous and community-based conservation initiatives, Educational and awareness raising programs, Monitoring and maintenance of habitats and/or biodiversity, Clearing out invasive alien species and allow natural regeneration maintaining the functionality the ecosystem

Project objectives

To rejuvenate and safeguard the ecological diversity of the Ngong Hills forest through a collaborative approach that engages a wide range of stakeholders To prevent soil erosion and reduce the threat of landslides and flooding (caused by extreme weather events) by preserving the forest's root systems and restoring native plant species through community-managed nurseries To assess ans improve the impact of human activities and climate change on the ecological and socioeconomic aspects of the Ngong Hills Forest, including livestock grazing, conventional agricultural practices To identify and implement effective strategies for raising awareness and building the capacity of local communities and schools in forest conservation, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience To conduct a survey on community awareness and understanding of forest conservation and climate change. (Ref 2, 3).

Implementation activities

The project began by collecting baseline data, including vegetation surveys, land use changes, and community perceptions of biodiversity threats (Ref 2). Restoration efforts in Ngong Hills included: Seedling propagation: Community nurseries produced 9,000 seedlings of indigenous species (Ref 2, 4). Reforestation: Over 9,000 native trees were planted using techniques like Miyawaki to enhance biodiversity, with schools participating in tree planting and education (Ref 2, 3). Invasive species management: Surveys were conducted to assess and address invasive species removal (ibid.). Livestock grazing management was tackled through collaboration with communities, promoting sustainable practices like fodder cultivation and agroforestry (Ref 3). The school-based restoration program engaged schools like Uppah Matasia and Nalepo Primary, resulting in the planting of 300 trees, with students taking responsibility for tree care (Ref 2). To raise awareness, the project provided workshops and training to over 800 locals and 30 trainers, focusing on biodiversity conservation and nursery management. Pre- and post-training surveys tracked participants' knowledge and attitudes (Ref 2, 4). Marginalized groups, including women, youth, and elders, participated in training workshops and capacity-building initiatives, gaining skills in conservation practices, seed collection, and nursery management, while ensuring their voices were heard in decision-making (Ref 2, 3, 4, 5).

Climate-focused activities

Climate change adaptation:

  • Increase the use of or more efficient agroforestry practices (e.g. soil moisture, reduce evaporation) or drought-resistant species for agriculture
  • Restore and protect forests to prevent water runoff and assets loss due to flooding
  • Restore and protect forests for soil stabilisation and prevention of landslides
  • Reducing socio-economic vulnerability to climate impacts (e.g. awareness raising)
Communities vulnerable to environmental hazards or climate change impacts
Yes

Specification of climate or environmentally vulnerable communities

Low-income neighborhoods, Other

Biodiversity conservation or restoration-focused activities

Biodiversity conservation:

  • Protect and enhance urban habitats
  • Preserve and strengthen existing habitats and ecosystems
  • Reduce negative impacts and avoid the alteration/damage of ecosystem
  • Protect species
  • Undertake specific measures to protect native species
  • Means for conservation governance
  • Raise public awareness
  • Public engagement
  • Capacity building

Biodiversity restoration:

  • Rehabilitate and restore damaged or destroyed ecosystems
  • Restore species (native, endangered, or unspecified)
  • Restore native species
  • Clear and control invasive alien species
  • Public engagement

Main beneficiaries

  • National-level government
  • Local government/Municipality
  • Public sector institution (e.g. school or hospital)
  • Non-government organisation/Civil Society
  • Citizens or community groups
  • Food producers and cultivators (i.e. farmers, gardeners)
  • Young people and children
  • Marginalized groups: Children, young people or youth groups , Elderly people, Women, Indigenous communities

Governance

Management set-up

  • Led by non-government actors

Type of initiating organisation

  • National government
  • Non-government organisation/civil society

Participatory approaches/ community involvement

  • Co-planning (e.g. stakeholder workshops, focus groups, participatory mapping)
  • Dissemination of information and education
  • Consultation (e.g. workshop, surveys, community meetings, town halls)
  • Joint implementation (e.g. tree planting)
  • Co-management/Joint management
  • Citizen monitoring and review

Details on the roles of the organisations involved in the project

The project is initiated and funded by the Rufford Foundation, a a UK registered charity, and approved by National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) (Ref 2, 5). There're involvement of national and local government actors such as Kenya Forest Service (KFS), Assistant Kajiado County DC in management, monitoring and coordination (Ref 2). Indigenous community representatives such as chiefs actively participated in the project and Community-Based Organisations such as Ngong Umoja Environmental Management (NUEM) participated in the implementation, management and awareness raising (Ref 4). Schools & local communities engaged in tree planting and awareness raising programs (Ref 2). Kenya Wildlife Service and Effective IPM Association provided expertise and National Construction Authority (NCA) helped tree planting and restoration (ibid.). Stakeholder meetings when planing coordinated and focus groups formed with school, local women's groups in agroforestry (Ref 4).

Project implemented in response to ...

... an EU policy or strategy? Unknown
... a national policy or strategy? Unknown
... a local policy or strategy? Unknown

Type of enablers

NGOs/Community groups driving the implementation, Support from transitional governance actors

Financing

Total cost

Unknown

Source(s) of funding

  • Private Foundation/Trust

Type of funding

  • Direct funding (grants, subsidies, or self-financed projects by private entities)

Non-financial contribution

Type of non-financial contribution
  • Provision of land
  • Provision of labour
  • Provision of expertise
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
  • Public authorities (e.g. land, utility services)
  • Citizens (e.g. volunteering)

Impacts and Monitoring

Environmental impacts

  • Climate change
  • Improved resilience against landslides
  • Expected improved resilience against landslides
  • Environmental quality
  • Improved soil quality
  • Achieved improved soil quality
  • Green space and habitat
  • Increased conversion of degraded land or soil
  • Achieved increased conversion of degraded land or soil
  • Increased number of species present
  • Achieved increased number of species present
  • Increased spread of native/heirloom/open-pollinated seed
  • Achieved increased spread of native/heirloom/open-pollinated seed

Economic impacts

  • Increase in agricultural production (for profit or not)
  • Generation of income from NBS
  • Achieved generation of income from NBS

Socio-cultural impacts

  • Social justice and cohesion
  • Increased visibility and opportunity for marginalised groups or indigenous peoples
  • Expected increased visibility and opportunity for marginalised groups or indigenous peoples
  • Increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces
  • Expected increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces
  • Education
  • Increased awareness of NBS and their benefits
  • Achieved increased awareness of NBS and their benefits

Type of reported impacts

Presence of formal monitoring system

Yes

Presence of indicators used in reporting

Yes

Presence of monitoring/ evaluation reports

Yes

Availability of a web-based monitoring tool

No evidence in public records

Potential risks of implementation and trade-offs

Unknown

References

Awareness
https://ruffordorg.s3.amazonaws.com/media/project_reports/38496-1_Detailed_Final_Report.pdf
Ngong Hills
The Rufford Foundation
naturescapes bannerInformation about this nature-based solution was collected as part of the Naturescapes project funded by the European Union under Grant Agreement No 101084341.