Last updated: September 2024
The Miraflores Bicentennial Park has been built on the Malecón de la Reserva and the Quebrada de Armendáriz. It was inaugurated in June 2022 as one of the created projects within the framework of the commemorations of the 200 years of Independence celebrations (1). It is considered a new green lung of Lima (2), as it has a green area of 30,400 square metres and stands on one of the cliffs of the Costa Verde (1). It has a system of terraces that replicates the construction model of the Incas, which has made it possible to additionally reinforce the soil and the slopes with the use of retaining walls up to 10 metres high, with horizontal geogrids and vertical geocells (1, 2). It was structured on a stabilised slope in order to mitigate the risk of landslides (4), and an irrigation system was implemented to stabilise the soil (4). This space was built as a biodiversity garden with more than 160,000 xerophilic coastal species with low water consumption, 300 trees and 80 palm trees. It also offers places for tourism, such as viewpoints and squares, where cultural events, open-air activities and rest areas are held (1). It also aims to connect aspects of landscape conservation, preservation of biodiversity in the city, and the construction of a cultural landscape in which human action is complementary and friendly to the natural environment (9). Finally, it seeks to contribute to the reduction of the municipality's carbon footprint by reducing the harmful effects of urban expansion on the Lima cliff ecosystem, such as deforestation, water pollution and loss of biodiversity (9).
Picture of Miraflores Park
ANPR México
Overview
Nature-based solution
- Blue infrastructure
- Coastlines
- Parks and urban forests
- Large urban parks or forests
Key challenges
- Climate action for adaptation, resilience and mitigation (SDG 13)
- Climate change adaptation
- Coastal resilience and marine protection (SDG 14)
- Coastal protection / hazard mitigation
- Environmental quality
- Air quality improvement
- Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
- Green space creation and/or management
- Habitat and biodiversity conservation
- Cultural heritage and cultural diversity
- Promotion of cultural diversity
- Health and well-being (SDG 3)
- Creation of opportunities for recreation
- Enabling opportunities for physical activity
- Improving physical health
- Social justice, cohesion and equity (SDG 10)
- Social interaction
- Sense of community and community engagement
- Economic development and employment (SDG 8)
- Tourism support
Principal problems in Functional Urban Area (FUA)
- Climate-Related Hazards
- Coastal hazards (e.g. erosion, flooding)
- Environmental Degradation
- Biodiversity loss
- Deforestation and forest degradation
- Poor water quality
- Health, Well-being and Social cohesion
- Disconnection from nature
Key priorities
Climate action (adaptation and/or mitigation), Biodiversity (conservation and/or restoration), Social Justice and community
Focus
Creation of new green areas, Creation of large parks and urban and peri-urban forests, Coastal landscape management or protection, Improving coastal resilience
Project objectives
- To provide green space for recreation, contact with nature and outdoor activities (1)
- To reduce the risk of landslides (4)
- To reduce the gaps in public services for economic and social integration (9)
- To increase and preserve urban coastal flora and fauna (9)
- To promote tourism and economic reactivation (9)
- To encourage neighbourhood participation, promote civic collaboration and generate a sense of belonging and ownership among neighbours and the floating population (2, 9)
- To consolidate safe, inclusive, accessible, green and quality public spaces which provide adequate conditions for families (2, 9)
- To contribute to improving social, intergenerational interaction and diverse cultural expressions (2, 9)
- To improve the physical, environmental and functional conditions of the slope of the Armendáriz ravine (9)
- To improve the quality of air and life of the population (9)
Implementation activities
- A drip irrigation system was implemented to increase and guarantee the safety of the slope, providing the plants with the necessary water resources (9). In addition, the terrace system was designed to reproduce the Inca model, giving additional reinforcement to the soil and slopes to stabilize the cliff slope, which is currently highly eroded (1, 10).
- The following vegetation was planted: 160,000 xerophilic coastal species, 300 trees, and 80 palm trees creating a diverse and sustainable ecosystem (1).
- To provide educational spaces, the plants and trees planted have identification so that citizens can learn more about them (1, 9).
- To increase tourism, viewpoints have been built (1), and to provide recreational spaces, there are paths and squares where cultural activities take place (1).
- To ensure that it is an inclusive space, ramps and platforms have been built to allow people with physical difficulties to access the different spaces (5).
Climate-focused activities
Climate change adaptation:
- Restore and protect forests for soil stabilisation and prevention of landslides
Biodiversity conservation or restoration-focused activities
Biodiversity conservation:
- Protect and enhance urban habitats
- Create new habitats
- Preserve and strengthen habitat connectivity
- Protect species
- Undertake specific measures to protect species
- Undertake specific measures to protect native species
- Undertake specific measures to protect valued species
Main beneficiaries
- Local government/Municipality
- Citizens or community groups
- Marginalized groups: People with functional diversities
- Other
Governance
Management set-up
- Government-led
Type of initiating organisation
- National government
Participatory approaches/ community involvement
- Unknown
Details on the roles of the organisations involved in the project
Central Government (Ministry of Housing: co-financier, as part of the Special Bicentenary Project): main funder (9)
Miraflores Municipality: co-founder of the project, as part of the political agenda of the Miraflores mayor's office led by Luis Molina (2, 9). It is also in charge of project development, construction and promotion of the project (1, 9, 10)
A designated and renowned architect was employed for the design of the park (2)
Project implemented in response to ...
... an EU policy or strategy?
Unknown
... a national policy or strategy?
Yes
(It is implemented in line with the 2030 Agenda (9) and is part of the new global urban agenda promoted by UN-Habitat (10))
... a local policy or strategy?
Unknown
Type of enablers
Funds, subsidies or investment for GI/NBS in the city (available for the city or provided by the city)
Financing
Total cost
More than €4,000,000
Source(s) of funding
- Public local authority budget
- Public national budget
Type of funding
- Earmarked public budget
- Direct funding (grants, subsidies, or self-financed projects by private entities)
Non-financial contribution
No
Impacts and Monitoring
Environmental impacts
- Climate change
- Improved resilience against landslides
- Expected improved resilience against landslides
- Water management and blue areas
- Enhanced protection and restoration of coastal and marine ecosystems
- Expected enhanced protection and restoration of coastal and marine ecosystems
- Green space and habitat
- Increased green space area
- Achieved increased green space area
- Reduced biodiversity loss
- Expected reduced biodiversity loss
- Increased number of species present
- Achieved increased number of species present
Economic impacts
- More sustainable tourism
- Achieved more sustainable tourism
- Other
Socio-cultural impacts
- Social justice and cohesion
- Improved access to urban green space
- Achieved improved access to urban green space
- Health and wellbeing
- Gain in activities for recreation and exercise
- Expected gain in activities for recreation and exercise
- Improved physical health
- Expected improved physical health
- Cultural heritage and sense of place
- Improvement in people’s connection to nature
- Expected improvement in people’s connection to nature
- Increased sense of place identity, memory and belonging
- Achieved increased sense of place identity, memory and belonging
- Increased appreciation for natural spaces
- Expected increased appreciation for natural spaces
Type of reported impacts
Presence of formal monitoring system
Unknown
Presence of indicators used in reporting
Yes
Presence of monitoring/ evaluation reports
No evidence in public records
Availability of a web-based monitoring tool
No evidence in public records
Potential risks of implementation and trade-offs
Social justice and conflicts, Lack of social acceptance
References
1.
Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y Turismo (n.d.). Parque Bicentenario De Miraflores. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
2.
Diario Oficial del Bicentenario El Peruano (2024). Parque Bicentenario de Miraflores es nominado a premio mundial de arquitectura El espacio verde, consid. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
3.
Panamericana (2020). Miraflores: parque Bicentenario ocupará casi 4 hectáreas del acantilado Armendáriz. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
4.
Visita Miraflores (n.d.). Parque Bicentenario de Miraflores. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
5.
Municipalidad Miraflores (2022). Parque Bicentenario Miraflores. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
6.
Canal N (2020). Vecinos de Miraflores protestan contra construcción del Parque Bicentenario. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
7.
Turiweb: Noticias de Turismo y Viajes (2022). Miraflores: paralización de obras del Parque Bicentenario genera pérdidas por S/ 600,000. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
8.
Monitoreo y Seguimiento de Contrataciones Públicas de Perú (2020). Municipalidad Distrital De Miraflores - Lima. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
9.
ANRP México (2023). Parque Bicentenario de la ciudad de Miraflores. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
10.
Espinoza, E. (n.d.). Urbanismo: el debate sobre el Parque Bicentenario. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
11.
Ministerio de Salud (2024). Estadística Poblacional. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
12.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (2020). Planos Estratificados de Lima Metropolitana a Nivel de Manzanas 2020. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
13.
Culture Ministry (2024). Una oportunidad histórica. Accessed on August 26, 2024, [Source link];
Photo of the Miraflores park
El Peruano
Parque Bicentenario Miraflores
Visita Miraflores
Information about this nature-based solution was collected as part of the Naturescapes project funded by the European Union under Grant Agreement No 101084341.