, Malaysia
City population: 281711
Duration: 2010 – 2013
Implementation status: Completed
Scale: Meso-scale: Regional, metropolitan and urban level
Project area: 234860000 m2
Type of area: Agricultural area or farmland, Natural Heritage Area/Untouched nature, Public Greenspace Area
Last updated: June 2024

In 2010, to revamp the Raja Musa Forest Reserve (RMFR), a rehabilitation project was initiated by the Friends of North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest Association (a local NGO) in collaboration with governmental and non-governmental stakeholders. As part of the largest peat swamp forest complex on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, the Raja Musa Forest Reserve (RMFR) is an important home to many threatened species, as well as a valuable ecosystem in the fight against global warming. Despite this, over the years the forest has been subjected to fires and illegal encroachment which severely reduced its area (1). The project was considered unique as it was an innovation aimed to enhance and strengthen the capacity of the local community in peatland water management and forest rehabilitation works (3,5). Activities included among others rehabilitation of the degraded peat forest through the plantation of new seedlings, demonstration of, and provision of a documentary model for community-based peat swamp forest rehabilitation, as well as the creation of an awareness programme with the local community and dissemination of educational materials (2). The importance of the intervention consists not only in the implementer's approach in regard to nature-based solutions but also in its aim of documenting a "model of low-cost hydrologic restoration of peat swamp forest" which ultimately should be replicated in similar conditions but in various locations (2).

RMFR
https://queenscommonwealthcanopy.org/content/uploads/2017/03/West-Malaysia1-1992x1328.jpg

Overview

Nature-based solution

  • Blue infrastructure
  • Rivers/streams/canals/estuaries
  • In-land wetlands, peatlands, swamps, and moors

Key challenges

  • Climate action for adaptation, resilience and mitigation (SDG 13)
  • Climate change adaptation
  • Climate change mitigation
  • Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
  • Habitat and biodiversity restoration
  • Green space creation and/or management
  • Social justice, cohesion and equity (SDG 10)
  • Environmental education

Focus

Ecological restoration of ecosystems, Protection of natural ecosystems, Knowledge creation and awareness raising

Project objectives

The implementer presented the following goals for the intervention: 1. To recover parts of the forest cover through a tree planting programme aiming to prevent encroachment into the forest thus reducing the risk of fire and increasing carbon storage capacity. 2. To ensure the involvement of local communities through the leadership of Friends of North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest Association (FNSPSFA). 3. To build the capacity of FNSPSFA through training and implementation programmes involving government partners and other stakeholders. 4. To develop the community's continued stewardship to sustain the restored forest reserve together with institutional authorities by building a relationship with the Forestry Department and other national bodies. 5. To prepare a documented model of low-cost hydrologic restoration of peat swamp forest and a documented model on local collaborative peat swamp forest management. 6. To suggest documented models for local income-generating livelihoods as complementary to peat swamp forest rehabilitation. 7. To prepare regional workshops as well as media engagement in order to promote the project's approach and techniques. (2)

Implementation activities

The project has been implemented by several stakeholders led by the Friends of North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest Association (FNSPSFA), starting in 2010. 29,635 ha of degraded peat swamp forest was rehabilitated with the planting of more than 17,383 trees by the local communities and FNSPSFA. Two main species were used for creating the forest cover/replanting: Euodia spp (tenggek burung) and Macarangga spp. (Mahang). For the purpose of capacity building of FNSPSFA, community training on peatland water management and fire prevention was organised in collaboration with the Drainage and Irrigation Department and Fire & Rescue Department. For the purpose of sustainable ecotourism, an interpretative trail in the adjacent Sungai Karang Forest Reserve with safety facilities (near to Agrotourism Homestay) was established by FNSPSFA, and local handicrafts were produced from peat swamp forest resources (peat tree stumps, rattan, bamboo and pandanus leaves). FNSPSFA Mini Handicraft Stall was established to promote handicraft products (mat, baskets, Batik painting and minicraft) and it is managed by FNSPSFA members from Kg. Ampangan and located in Agrotourism Homestay Sungai Sireh, Tanjung Karang, Kuala Selangor. A network of community groups was established and an annual forum on community-based natural resource management was organised for the network to exchange successful experiences in ecosystem restoration and community livelihood. For the purpose of close linkages with the ongoing work of the Forestry Department, selected villages and community groups (Sahabat Hutan Gambut Selangor Utara) and local authorities were connected by the Global Environment Centre (GEC) with the Forestry Department as well as other relevant government agencies for long term collaboration and continuous updates on new development in terms of peat swamp ecosystem & peatland line forest rehabilitation. After the project period, the GEC continues to provide periodic input to the groups mentioned and link them with GEC's national network which links community-based forest projects in Malaysia. After the project period, the project is replicated in new villages around the area and/or other parts of the peat swamp forest in the Selangor state. (2)

Climate-focused activities

Climate change adaptation:

  • Increase the use of climate-resilient plant species (resistant to drought, fire, and pests)

Climate change mitigation:

  • Implement sustainable forest management measures to increase carbon sinks/ improve carbon storage

Biodiversity conservation or restoration-focused activities

Biodiversity restoration:

  • Rehabilitate and restore damaged or destroyed ecosystems
  • Public engagement

Main beneficiaries

  • National-level government
  • Local government/Municipality
  • Non-government organisation/Civil Society
  • Citizens or community groups

Governance

Management set-up

  • Co-governance with government and non-government actors

Type of initiating organisation

  • Regional government
  • Public sector institution
  • Non-government organisation/civil society

Participatory approaches/ community involvement

  • Co-planning (e.g. stakeholder workshops, focus groups, participatory mapping)
  • Taskforce groups
  • Dissemination of information and education
  • Consultation (e.g. workshop, surveys, community meetings, town halls)
  • Joint implementation (e.g. tree planting)
  • Co-management/Joint management
  • Citizen monitoring and review

Details on the roles of the organisations involved in the project

The Selangor State Government had declared RMFR to be subjected to forest rehabilitation in 2008 (Ref 1). Between 2008-2013, with fundings from the Small Grants Programme (SGP) / The Global Environment Facility (GEF) / UNDP, Global Environment Centre (GEC) worked closely with the newly established Friends of North Selangor Peat Swam Forest Association (FNSPSFA) to rehabilitate RMFR through community participation, with close collaboration with Selangor Forestry Department, Drainage and Irrigation Department and Fire & Rescue Department (2).

Project implemented in response to ...

... an EU policy or strategy? No
... a national policy or strategy? Yes (All rules and regulations are complied with in accordance with the National Forest Policy 1978 (Amended 1992) and the National Forestry Act (Adoption) Enactment 1985. (5))
... a local policy or strategy? Yes (It is mentioned that the intervention will work closely with the Federal and State Forestry Department and the implementer will be able to link closely with the ongoing work of the Forestry Department to develop and implement the peat swamp forest rehabilitation strategy for the area. (2))

Financing

Total cost

€50,000 - €100,000

Source(s) of funding

  • Multilateral funds/international funding

Type of funding

  • Direct funding (grants, subsidies, or self-financed projects by private entities)

Non-financial contribution

Type of non-financial contribution
  • Provision of land
  • Provision of labour
  • Provision of expertise
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
  • Public authorities (e.g. land, utility services)
  • Citizens (e.g. volunteering)

Impacts and Monitoring

Environmental impacts

  • Climate change
  • Enhanced carbon sequestration
  • Green space and habitat
  • Increased green space area
  • Reduced biodiversity loss
  • Increased number of species present
  • Enhanced support of pollination

Economic impacts

  • Generation of income from NBS

Socio-cultural impacts

  • Social justice and cohesion
  • Increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces
  • Safety
  • Improved community safety to climate-related hazards

Type of reported impacts

Expected impacts, Achieved impacts

Presence of formal monitoring system

Yes

Presence of indicators used in reporting

Yes

Presence of monitoring/ evaluation reports

No evidence in public records

Availability of a web-based monitoring tool

No evidence in public records

References

Illegal encroachment & agriculture
https://www.gec.org.my/aeimages//Image/RajaMusaPeatSwamp/IMG_9784.JPG
Fire hazard@peat swamp_RMFR
https://www.gec.org.my/aeimages//Image/RajaMusaPeatSwamp/IMG_0003.JPG
Canal blocking with Mangrove poles and peat bags
https://www.gec.org.my/aeimages//Image/RajaMusaPeatSwamp/IMG_1099.JPG
Hydrological restoration_canal blocking
http://www.aseanpeat.net/view_file.cfm?fileid=189
Tree Planting@RMFR
Global Environment Centre
Raja Musa Forest
https://www.facebook.com/QueensCanopy/posts/the-raja-musa-forest-reserve-is-malaysias-commonwealthcanopy-project-the-23000-h/813667348818778/
Information about this nature-based solution was collected as part of the "NBS 2022" UNA Asian extension project funded by the Asia-Europe Foundation.