Dakar , Senegal
City population: 1146000
Duration: 2015 – 2017
Implementation status: Completed
Scale: Micro-scale: District/neighbourhood level
Project area: unknown
Type of area: Residential
Last updated: May 2022

In Senegal, urban flooding in the rainy season causes major damage to public and private infrastructure, and poses considerable social, economic and health-related risks to the human population, in particular the poorest. Poor drainage systems mean that rainwater floods the whole neighbourhood, paralysing transport, and economic activities and posing health and safety risks due to stagnation and contamination (e.g. increase in water-borne diseases). To respond to such emergencies, in 2015 several stakeholders (Senegalese government, local authorities in Dakar and the local community) initiated a project that aimed to build resilience to flooding in informal settlements of Dakar. The project consisted of building resilience to floods by focusing on 3 fields: 1) infrastructure (floodwater evacuation, solid waste management, urban gardening and greening); 2) policy (district flood contingency plans and national policy advice); and 3) capacity building (training and awareness building for beneficiaries and key stakeholders, with a special focus on empowering women). The project was concluded in 2017 however its benefits are still felt today by the inhabitants of Greater Dakar. (1,2,3)

Garden market
https://www.cres-sn.org/histoire-de-resilience-quand-les-populations-de-diamalye-yeumbeul-nord-retrouvent-le-sourire/

Overview

Nature-based solution

  • Community gardens and allotments
  • Community gardens

Key challenges

  • Climate action for adaptation, resilience and mitigation (SDG 13)
  • Climate change adaptation
  • Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
  • Habitat and biodiversity restoration
  • Water management (SDG 6)
  • Flood protection
  • Economic development and employment (SDG 8)
  • Economic development: agriculture
  • Sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12)
  • Sustainable consumption
  • Sustainable production

Focus

Creation of new green areas

Project objectives

The goals of the intervention are as below: 1. To enhance the resilience of people facing extreme climate events in selected countries in the Sahel, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia - Senegal. 2. To help build resilience to flooding of urban communities by employing a community-based approach to disaster risk management through workshops and community-based actions. 3. To deploy technological interventions to mitigate the physical effects of flooding whilst also responding to the social and political aspects of the problem. Such technological interventions refer to interrelated flood-prevention practices such as urban gardening and urban greening, therefore converting the damaging floodwaters into a public good. 4. To develop local flood contingency plans, incorporating the results from topographic and geographic information system (GIS) analyses of the terrain, and the expertise of the local beneficiaries and district stakeholders. 5. To boost biodiversity and to increase green spaces threatened by rapid urbanisation as this led to the loss of substantial habitat in the region. (1,2,3,4)

Implementation activities

The project started in 2015 and ended in 2017. The project was initiated and is continuously driven by activities, experiences and know-how that the communities in Senegal show in the face of the challenges posed by the annual floodwaters. The driving force for an integrated response to urban flooding initially came from representatives from flood-afflicted areas. The community-based approach also entails a strong capacity-building component for the affected people. Key components of capacity-building activities are community workshops, which raise awareness of key aspects of flood prevention such as waste management and recycling. A recycling and waste management programme was implemented to reduce the amount of waste in the districts, ensuring there is a sustainable source of revenue for members of the community, and ensuring that the infrastructure operates effectively. The project also developed 5 market gardens with the help of local women in the Yeumbeul Nord, in the vicinity of Dakar. Sixty-two rainwater evacuation infrastructures were built in the 10 communes of intervention of the project, and more than 400 tons of waste have been taken out of these vulnerable areas. Live With Water supported the beneficiaries in doing income-generating activities, waste collection, urban gardening, production and selling of compost etc. In each commune, a flood emergency plan was elaborated and the population was trained to be able to prevent the flooding and know how to react quickly in case of flooding. The population also benefited from door-to-door sessions to learn more about how to improve their resilience to flooding. (1,3)

Climate-focused activities

Climate change adaptation:

  • Implement sustainable urban drainage infrastructure (e.g. to make space for water)

Biodiversity conservation or restoration-focused activities

Biodiversity restoration:

  • Rehabilitate and restore damaged or destroyed ecosystems
  • Restore species (native, endangered, or unspecified)
  • Public engagement

Main beneficiaries

  • Citizens or community groups
  • Marginalized groups: Socio-economically disadvantaged populations (e.g. low-income households, unemployed)

Governance

Management set-up

  • Co-governance with government and non-government actors

Type of initiating organisation

  • Non-government organisation/civil society
  • Multilateral organisation

Participatory approaches/ community involvement

  • Co-planning (e.g. stakeholder workshops, focus groups, participatory mapping)
  • Dissemination of information and education
  • Consultation (e.g. workshop, surveys, community meetings, town halls)
  • Joint implementation (e.g. tree planting)
  • Co-management/Joint management

Details on the roles of the organisations involved in the project

‘Vivre avec l’eau/ (‘Live with water’) is a partnership under the umbrella of Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters (BRACED). BRACED (2015a, b) is a funding scheme from the UK Department for International Development; it was set up to support non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that help to enhance the resilience of people facing extreme climate events in selected countries in the Sahel, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Besides the project management team at Vivre avec l'eay the project was supported by the local authorities and the local communities who engaged in many forms: waste collection, urban gardening and general participation in capacity building. (1,3)

Project implemented in response to ...

... an EU policy or strategy? No
... a national policy or strategy? Yes (It was mentioned in one of the sources that the project was included in the National Program for the Restructuring and Development of Flood Zones, launched with the aim of national mapping of irregular inhabited areas and flood-prone areas. This mapping enabled the identification and selection of 25 municipalities identified as priority areas to be restructured (PDU Dakar, Chapter 03). This mapping also allowed the identification of priority projects such as that carried out by "Living with water". (5))
... a local policy or strategy? Unknown

Financing

Total cost

Unknown

Source(s) of funding

  • Funds provided by non-governmental organization (NGO)

Type of funding

  • Direct funding (grants, subsidies, or self-financed projects by private entities)

Non-financial contribution

Type of non-financial contribution
  • Provision of land
  • Provision of labour
  • Provision of expertise
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
  • Public authorities (e.g. land, utility services)
  • Citizens (e.g. volunteering)

Impacts and Monitoring

Environmental impacts

  • Water management and blue areas
  • Increased protection against flooding
  • Green space and habitat
  • Increased green space area

Economic impacts

  • Generation of income from NBS

Socio-cultural impacts

  • Safety
  • Improved community safety to climate-related hazards
  • Social justice and cohesion
  • Increased involvement of locals in the management of green spaces
  • Increased sustainability of agriculture practices
  • Education
  • Increased knowledge of locals about local nature

Type of reported impacts

Expected impacts, Achieved impacts

Presence of formal monitoring system

Yes

Presence of indicators used in reporting

Yes

Presence of monitoring/ evaluation reports

No evidence in public records

Availability of a web-based monitoring tool

No evidence in public records

References

Workshop for youth
https://www.fractal.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/FRACTAL_WP4__INSPIRING-CLIMATE-ACTION-IN-AFRICAN-CITIES.compressed.pdf
Waste recycling
https://www.fractal.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/FRACTAL_WP4__INSPIRING-CLIMATE-ACTION-IN-AFRICAN-CITIES.compressed.pdf
Market gardening
https://www.fractal.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/FRACTAL_WP4__INSPIRING-CLIMATE-ACTION-IN-AFRICAN-CITIES.compressed.pdf
Information about this nature-based solution was collected as part of the UNA global extension project funded by the British Academy.