Berlin, Berlin (FUA), Germany
City population: 4186143
Duration: 2023 – 2023
Implementation status: Completed
Scale: Sub-microscale: Street scale (including buildings)
Project area: 12 m2
Type of area: Roads / Roadsides
Last updated: November 2024

On a small roadside green space in Berlin, a tiny forest was created. The idea of Tiny Forests comes from Japan, there are already some in France and the Netherlands, and since 2020 also in Germany. Tiny forests are constituted of trees planted densely next to each other in small spaces, such as tiny green roadsides. At Oderstraße, the NGO TinyForestBerlin planted an even smaller forest, a nano forest on a roadside where trees cool down the area, filter the air and create a habitat for insects. Trees in urban areas loosen up the dense and degraded soil, allowing it to store carbon and let rainwater properly seep into the ground to prevent urban flooding. Roadsides are hardly utilised or recognized in their environmental potential, such as hosting a nano forest. Projects like the one implemented by TinyForestBerlin present an approach for collaboration between the district and civil society, as the district's park department lack the capacity to maintain small roadsides. The project at Oderstraße is the first official tiny forest in Berlin, as a previous planting campaign in Friedrichshain was not entirely legal due to missing approval of local authorities. (Ref. 2; Ref. 5) The TinyForestBerlin association has set itself the goal of creating such small nano-forests all over Berlin. An ambitious project that aims to enrich the city's green spaces and contribute to improving the urban climate. The trees planted on Oderstraße are one of many smaller planting projects that are spread throughout the city on public as well as private land. (Ref. 3)

Members of TinyForestBerlin plant trees on the roadside green space
Maryvonne Knoch-Wuillemin

Overview

Nature-based solution

  • Grey infrastructure featuring greens
  • Alley or street trees and other street vegetation
  • Parks and urban forests
  • Pocket parks/neighbourhood green spaces

Key challenges

  • Climate action for adaptation, resilience and mitigation (SDG 13)
  • Climate change adaptation
  • Climate change mitigation
  • Environmental quality
  • Air quality improvement
  • Soil quality improvement
  • Green space, habitats and biodiversity (SDG 15)
  • Green space creation and/or management
  • Habitat and biodiversity restoration
  • Water management (SDG 6)
  • Flood protection
  • Stormwater and rainfall management and storage

Principal problems in Functional Urban Area (FUA)

  • Climate-Related Hazards
  • Urban flooding (stormwater)
  • Heat stress & Extreme temperatures
  • Degradation of carbon sinks
  • Environmental Degradation
  • Biodiversity loss
  • Soil degradation and loss
  • Air pollution
  • Land use and Socio-economic change
  • Rapid urbanization

Key priorities

Climate action (adaptation and/or mitigation), Biodiversity (conservation and/or restoration)

Focus

Creation of new green areas, Creation of any other green urban spaces, Ecological restoration of ecosystems, Soil remediation and revegetation, Protection of natural ecosystems, Habitat restoration, Transformation of previously derelict areas, Transformation of vacant land into green spaces

Project objectives

To use vacant roadside spaces for planting trees. (Ref. 2) To increase the carbon content of the soil. (Ref. 2) To improve soil quality by loosening it, enabling better water storage and reducing flooding risks from stormwater. (Ref. 2; Ref. 5) To improve air quality. (Ref. 2) To lower local temperatures. (Ref. 2; Ref. 5) To create habitats for insects. (Ref. 3; Ref. 5)

Implementation activities

Before the nano forest was planted, the NGO had to get the district's approval as the space belongs to the city. To create a nano forest, 90 native, young trees and shrubs were planted close to each other on the roadside by members of the NGO. While some trees die due to lacking space, they provide fertilizer for the other trees (Ref. 2; Ref. 3) Trees' roots loosen up the ground, wherefore the soil can take in more rain water that seeps into the ground instead of running off. Trees as well as the soil itself take up carbon and are habitats for insects and other animals. As the trees provide shade but also evaporate water, the immediate surrounding is being cooled down and the air quality improved due to their absorption of fine dust particles. (Ref. 2; Ref. 3)

Climate-focused activities

Climate change adaptation:

  • Increase urban vegetation cover to reduce urban heat island effect

Climate change mitigation:

  • Increase the availability of green urban space for carbon storage (street tree cover)

Biodiversity conservation or restoration-focused activities

Biodiversity restoration:

  • Rehabilitate and restore damaged or destroyed ecosystems
  • Restore species (native, endangered, or unspecified)

Main beneficiaries

  • Citizens or community groups

Governance

Management set-up

  • Led by non-government actors

Type of initiating organisation

  • Non-government organisation/civil society

Participatory approaches/ community involvement

  • The project didn't involve any form of stakeholder participatory activities

Details on the roles of the organisations involved in the project

The trees were planted by members of Tiny Forest Berlin, who planned the project and initiated other plantings before (Ref. 1). The land was provided by the district administration. (Ref. 4)

Project implemented in response to ...

... an EU policy or strategy? Unknown
... a national policy or strategy? Unknown
... a local policy or strategy? Yes (The cooperation with Tinyforestberlin is part of the ‘Putting down roots’ action programme with which the district of Neukölln is tackling targeted and increased planting and replanting in the district's cemeteries, public green spaces and street trees. (Ref. 4))

Type of enablers

NGOs/Community groups driving the implementation

Financing

Total cost

Unknown

Source(s) of funding

  • Funds provided by non-governmental organization (NGO)

Type of funding

  • Donations
  • Membership or entrance fees

Non-financial contribution

Type of non-financial contribution
  • Provision of land
Who provided the non-financial contribution?
  • Public authorities (e.g. land, utility services)

Impacts and Monitoring

Environmental impacts

  • Climate change
  • Lowered local temperature
  • Achieved lowered local temperature
  • Enhanced carbon sequestration
  • Achieved enhanced carbon sequestration
  • Environmental quality
  • Improved air quality
  • Achieved improved air quality
  • Improved soil quality
  • Achieved improved soil quality
  • Water management and blue areas
  • Improved stormwater management
  • Achieved improved stormwater management
  • Green space and habitat
  • Reduced biodiversity loss
  • Achieved reduced biodiversity loss
  • Increased number of species present
  • Achieved increased number of species present

Economic impacts

  • Unknown

Socio-cultural impacts

  • Unknown

Type of reported impacts

Presence of formal monitoring system

Yes

Presence of indicators used in reporting

Yes

Presence of monitoring/ evaluation reports

Yes

Availability of a web-based monitoring tool

No evidence in public records

Potential risks of implementation and trade-offs

Unknown

References

TinyForestBerlin
https://www.berliner-woche.de/neukoelln/c-umwelt/an-der-oderstrasse-sollen-90-gehoelze-auf-engstem-raum-wachsen_a372926#gallery=null
TinyForestBerlin
https://www.berliner-woche.de/neukoelln/c-umwelt/an-der-oderstrasse-sollen-90-gehoelze-auf-engstem-raum-wachsen_a372926#gallery=null
TinyForestBerlin
https://www.berliner-woche.de/neukoelln/c-umwelt/an-der-oderstrasse-sollen-90-gehoelze-auf-engstem-raum-wachsen_a372926#gallery=null
naturescapes bannerInformation about this nature-based solution was collected as part of the Naturescapes project funded by the European Union under Grant Agreement No 101084341.